PART
OF SPEECH
A.
ILLUSTRATION
In
the English language, words can be
considered as the smallest elements that have distinctive meanings. Based on
their use and functions, words are categorized into 8 types or parts of speech in
English grammar: noun, pronoun, verb, adverb, adjective, conjunction, preposition, and interjection. But in here we will discuss only 5. They are noun, pronoun, verb, adverb,
and adjective.
1. NOUN
This part of a speech refers to words that are used
to name persons, things, animals,
places, ideas, or events. Nouns are the simplest among the 8 parts of speech.
Example,
Ø Tom Hanks is very versatile.
The italicized noun refers to a name of a person.
Ø Dogs can be extremely cute.
In
this example, the italicized word is considered a noun because it names an
animal.
Ø It is my birthday.
The word
“birthday” is a noun which refers to an event.
There are different types of nouns namely:
Ø Proper– proper nouns always start with a capital
letter and refers to specific names of persons, places, or things.
Examples:
Volkswagen Beetle, Shakey’s Pizza, Game of Thrones
Ø Common– common nouns are the opposite of
proper nouns. These are just generic
names of persons, things, or places.
Examples:
Car, Pizza Parlor, Patimura
Ø Concrete– this kind refers to nouns which
you can perceive through your five
senses.
Examples:
folder, sand, board
Ø Abstract- unlike concrete nouns, abstract
nouns are those which you can’t perceive
through your five senses.
Examples:
happiness, grudge, bravery etc.
Ø Count– it refers to anything that is countable, and has a singular and plural form.
Examples:
kitten, video, ball etc.
Ø Mass– this is the opposite of count
nouns. Mass nouns are also called non-countable/uncountable
nouns, and they need to have “counters”
to quantify them.
Examples
of Counters : kilo, cup, meter
Examples
of Mass Nouns : rice, flour, garter
Ø Collective– refers to a group of persons, animals, or things.
Example : faculty
(group of teachers), class (group of
students), pride (group of lions)
2. PRONOUN
A pronoun is a part of a speech
which functions as a replacement for a noun. Some examples of pronouns are: I, it, he, she, mine, his, hers,
we, they, theirs, and ours.
Example
in Sentences:
Ø Janice is a very stubborn child. She
just stared at me and when I told her to stop.
Ø The largest slice is mine.
Ø We are number one.
The italicized
words in the sentences above are the pronouns in the sentence.
3. ADJECTIVE
This part of a speech is used to describe a noun or
a pronoun. Adjectives can specify the
quality, the size, and the number of nouns or pronouns.
Example in Sentences:
Ø The carvings are intricate.
The italicized word describes the appearance of the
noun “carvings.”
Ø I have two hamsters.
The italicized word “two,” is an adjective which
describes the number of the noun “hamsters.”
Ø Wow! That doughnut is huge!
The italicized word is an adjective which describes
the size of the noun “doughnut.”
4. VERB
This is
the most important part of a speech, for without a verb, a sentence would not
exist. Simply put, this is a word that shows an action (physical or mental) or
state of being of the subject in a sentence.
Example
in Sentences:
Ø As usual, the Storm troopers
missed their shot.
The italicized word expresses the
action of the subject “Storm troopers.”
5. ADVERB
Just like
adjectives, adverbs are also used to describe words, but the difference is that
adverbs describe adjectives, verbs, or another adverb.
The
different types of adverbs are:
Ø Adverb of Manner– this refers to how something
happens or how an action is done.
Example: Annie danced
gracefully. The word “gracefully” tells how Annie danced.
Ø Adverb of Time- this state “when” something
happens or “when” it is done.
Example: She came yesterday. The
italicized word tells when she “came.”
Ø Adverb of Place– this tells something about “where”
something happens or ”where” something is done.
Example: Of course, I looked
everywhere! The adverb “everywhere” tells where I “looked.”
Ø Adverb of Degree– this states the intensity or the
degree to which a specific thing happens or is done.
Example: The child is very
talented. The italicized adverb answers the question, “To what degree is the
child talented?”
B.
EXERCISE
1. Look at the word
in bold.
Which
part of speech is it?
a.
Remember to
drive safely. ____________
b.
Don't talk
like that. _____________
c.
Sally and Tom
are coming back soon. ______________
d.
This is a pretty
vase. ______________
e.
Let's do it.
______________
f.
The cat is on
the table. ________________
g.
New York is a big city. _______________
h.
I want the blue
ball. _______________
i.
We finished it yesterday.
_______________
j.
What am I going
to do without you? _______________
2. Mention 5 words from each part of
speech!
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